seminar
What is the connection between capitalism (a system characterized by the presence of wage labor and private ownership of the major means of production) and democracy (a political structure in which state managers can be ejected from power through elections)? Generations of scholars from a wide variety of political and theoretical perspectives have claimed that they are internally connected. Through a comparative/historical analysis of Germany and the US (the two most dynamic capitalist powers of the late nineteenth century) I challenge this view. I claim instead that industrial capitalism and democracy were compatible only where the country in question had access to land and markets of sufficient scale to thwart otherwise powerful pressures toward authoritarianism created by worsening class conflict. Thus theories of geopolitics, and particularly theories of imperialism, must be fully integrated into theories of political regime type.
Ποια είναι η σύνδεση μεταξύ του καπιταλισμού (ενός συστήματος το οποίο χαρακτηρίζεται από την παρουσία της μισθωτής εργασίας και της ατομικής ιδιοκτησίας των σημαινόντων μέσων παραγωγής) και της δημοκρατίας (μιας πολιτικής δομής στην οποία οι κρατικοί αξιωματούχοι μπορούν να αποπεμφθούν από την εξουσία μέσω των εκλογών); Γενιές ερευνητών διαφορετικών πολιτικών και θεωρητικών παραδόσεων έχουν ισχυριστεί πως αυτά τα δυο συστήματα συνδέονται εσωτερικά. Η έρευνα μου υιοθετώντας μια συγκριτική/ ιστορική ανάλυση της Γερμανίας και των Ηνωμένων Πολιτειών (των δυο πιο δυναμικών καπιταλιστικών δυνάμεων κατά το τέλος του 19ου αιώνα) αναθεωρεί την συγκεκριμένη θέση. Ισχυρίζομαι ότι πως αντί αυτού, ο βιομηχανικός καπιταλισμός και η δημοκρατία ήταν συμβατά συστήματα μόνο σε χώρες που είχαν πρόσβαση σε γη και σε αγορές τέτοιας κλίμακας ώστε να εμποδίζουν τις ισχυρές πιέσεις προς τον αυταρχισμό που δημιουργούνταν από την όξυνση της ταξικής πάλης. Έτσι, οι θεωρίες περί γεωπολιτικής και ιδιαίτερα αυτές περί ιμπεριαλισμού πρέπει να ενσωματωθούν στις θεωρίες περί των τύπων των πολιτικών καθεστώτων.
Dylan Riley is Professor of Sociology at the University of California, Berkeley. He is the author of The Civic Foundations of Fascism in Europe: Italy, Spain, and Romania 1870-1945 (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010, Verso, 2019) and Microverses: Observations from a Shattered Present (Verso, 2022), as well as co-author with Rebecca Jean Emigh and Patricia Ahmed of Antecedents of Censuses: From Medieval to Nation States and Changes in Censuses: From Imperialism to Welfare States (Palgrave 2016). In addition to these books, he has published articles in the American Journal of Sociology, American Sociological Review, Catalyst, Comparative Sociology, Contemporary Sociology, Comparative Studies in Society and History, Social Science History, The Socio-Economic Review and the New Left Review (of which he is a member of the editorial committee). His work has been translated into German, Portuguese, Russian, and Spanish.
Dylan Riley is Professor of Sociology at the University of California, Berkeley. He is the author of The Civic Foundations of Fascism in Europe: Italy, Spain, and Romania 1870-1945 (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010, Verso, 2019) and Microverses: Observations from a Shattered Present (Verso, 2022), as well as co-author with Rebecca Jean Emigh and Patricia Ahmed of Antecedents of Censuses: From Medieval to Nation States and Changes in Censuses: From Imperialism to Welfare States (Palgrave 2016). In addition to these books, he has published articles in the American Journal of Sociology, American Sociological Review, Catalyst, Comparative Sociology, Contemporary Sociology, Comparative Studies in Society and History, Social Science History, The Socio-Economic Review and the New Left Review (of which he is a member of the editorial committee). His work has been translated into German, Portuguese, Russian, and Spanish.
seminar
What is the connection between capitalism (a system characterized by the presence of wage labor and private ownership of the major means of production) and democracy (a political structure in which state managers can be ejected from power through elections)? Generations of scholars from a wide variety of political and theoretical perspectives have claimed that they are internally connected. Through a comparative/historical analysis of Germany and the US (the two most dynamic capitalist powers of the late nineteenth century) I challenge this view. I claim instead that industrial capitalism and democracy were compatible only where the country in question had access to land and markets of sufficient scale to thwart otherwise powerful pressures toward authoritarianism created by worsening class conflict. Thus theories of geopolitics, and particularly theories of imperialism, must be fully integrated into theories of political regime type.
Ποια είναι η σύνδεση μεταξύ του καπιταλισμού (ενός συστήματος το οποίο χαρακτηρίζεται από την παρουσία της μισθωτής εργασίας και της ατομικής ιδιοκτησίας των σημαινόντων μέσων παραγωγής) και της δημοκρατίας (μιας πολιτικής δομής στην οποία οι κρατικοί αξιωματούχοι μπορούν να αποπεμφθούν από την εξουσία μέσω των εκλογών); Γενιές ερευνητών διαφορετικών πολιτικών και θεωρητικών παραδόσεων έχουν ισχυριστεί πως αυτά τα δυο συστήματα συνδέονται εσωτερικά. Η έρευνα μου υιοθετώντας μια συγκριτική/ ιστορική ανάλυση της Γερμανίας και των Ηνωμένων Πολιτειών (των δυο πιο δυναμικών καπιταλιστικών δυνάμεων κατά το τέλος του 19ου αιώνα) αναθεωρεί την συγκεκριμένη θέση. Ισχυρίζομαι ότι πως αντί αυτού, ο βιομηχανικός καπιταλισμός και η δημοκρατία ήταν συμβατά συστήματα μόνο σε χώρες που είχαν πρόσβαση σε γη και σε αγορές τέτοιας κλίμακας ώστε να εμποδίζουν τις ισχυρές πιέσεις προς τον αυταρχισμό που δημιουργούνταν από την όξυνση της ταξικής πάλης. Έτσι, οι θεωρίες περί γεωπολιτικής και ιδιαίτερα αυτές περί ιμπεριαλισμού πρέπει να ενσωματωθούν στις θεωρίες περί των τύπων των πολιτικών καθεστώτων.
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